... observed in the economic growths of most western countries' developments, areas of natural resource being important during industrialisation and areas of high-level academia and population being important during more consumer based, service providing periods. It is well documented that through the 19th century, leading up to the outbreak of the First World War, that the North was considered the more dynamic and prosperous region of Britain. Lewis and Townsend point out that this dominance was 'forged by the Industrial revolution of the late 18th century, centred on cotton in Lancaster, and later reinforced by the growth of key export-based industries such as shipbuilding, engineering, coal mining and textiles (Lewis & Townsend, p.22). It is fact in this period that Manchester began to emerge as the 'capital of the North' instead of York. Even more significantly, its population had increased by a factor of 3.5 between 1780 to 1831, and in ...

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