... the Middle East and North Africa. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, most of the powerful 'developed' countries are Western liberal democracies. It is claimed that the combination of liberal democracy and market capitalism combined with the introduction of sound management techniques that monitor the economic and social resources of a country, the guidelines of which are set by international institutions such as the World Bank, known as good governance, provides a 'virtuous cycle' that can be applied to all types of society to stimulate successful and sustainable development. (Gill & Philip 1996). This view has many supporters. Francis Fukuyama (1989) argued that liberal democracy and industrial capitalism represented the only viable basis for human society. Thereby the only basis for successful development. International Aid Agencies also support this view and require certain political conditionalities as a way of promoting democracy in Southern countries to facilitate economic development. As Bernstein (1983) said ...

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