... world order. However, that is true only in the sense that all efforts at governance are conservative because their purpose is to maintain what allows society to function in an orderly an dependable way. Sound governance motivates reliance on peaceful change by punishing efforts at violent change. Collective security can only succeed if it operates in a context where peaceful alternatives exist for the advancement of competing values. Where such alternatives are not reliably in place, the idea of collective security will remain more illusionary than real. Pre-twentieth century collective security schemes could not be implemented in the absence of a specific commitment by sovereign states to do so. That would require both a solemn treaty defining the delicts unacceptable to members of the community and a clear indication of how the community would respond to overturn the illegal action. Also demanded is some kind of institutionalised structure in which the ...

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