... the black-power movement of the 1960s and puts forward a withdrawal by blacks from the language, culture, values, and economy of white America. Actually, prominent black-nationalist figures had emerged by the middle of the nineteenth century and a nationalist strain can be recognized in the thinking of many of the leading characters in African-American history. The peak of nationalism as a mass movement came more than three quarters of a century ago, during the peak of Marcus Garvey. The reason nationalism is so confusing from the point of view of traditional white politics is that on the one hand, it tries to promote black businesses and other forms of self-help, resists the idea that the government can help blacks, and isn't interested in civil rights and integration, but on the other hand, its world view would strike most whites as being left-wing. One example of the evolution of Black ...

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