... Westernization). Oddly, I picture jam being spread over a world map. His concept seems sound in that it ties together various dynamics and effects across the globe in many cases, but by calling it Southernization it implies that a personalized and unique developed could not emerge from the interaction, but rather could only branch from the original tree. From Dunn's explanation of Voll's commentary on Shaffer's "Southernization" I would assume that the problematic nature of the term being paralleled with Westernization is argued further.2 Shaffer's plan to overlap interactions and processes would be greatly enhanced by Clancy-Smith's argument to "localize" and "de-exoticize" other histories, paralleling similarities, finding close relations in custom, technology, and language, and bringing the various studies into a conceptualized world history. By exploring Western Civilization text book's coverage of the Middle East she makes the vivid illustration of how exclusion of the parallels between civilizations and people are ...

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