... often open-ended and exploratory, aiming to generate hypotheses rather than to test them. Therefore, the hypothesis is often not given at the beginning of the research studies and develops as the data unfolds. The fundamental qualitative data is collected from language based activities such as daily conversion and interview. The analysis of the spoken interaction (i.e., discourse data) between the interviewer and the interviewee is known as discourse analysis. The object of data collection in qualitative research is 'to create a comprehensive record of participants' words and actions' (Willig, 2001, p.16). In qualitative research, data analysis often takes place alongside data collection and analysis allows the researcher to go back and refine questions, develop hypotheses and pursue emerging avenues of inquiry (Pope et al., 2000). The data analysis process of this discourse analysis involves: 1). The transcription of spoken language and the selection of fragments of the text that have ...

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