... gender. These are horizontal and vertical segregation. Horizontal segregation refers to the sectors in which people work for example the different sectors of work. There is a lot of evidence to explain and prove horizontal segregation to exist. The Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) in 1996 concluded that women in the public sector were mainly employed in health and education, especially teaching. Nursing and primary school teaching is almost exclusively female. In the private sector women are over-concentrated in clerical, administrative, retail and catering. Research by Martin and Roberts using evidence from the Department of Employment found that 63% of women only worked with other women whilst 81% of men worked with other men only. Vertical segregation can be defined as segregation, which occurs at the levels and grades of jobs and pay. Women tend to be concentrated at the lower levels of employment in terms of skill and consequently status. For ...

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