... approach. You begin with a theory about a topic of interest and then narrow down the theory into more specific hypotheses that can be tested. You then collect observations to address the hypotheses, which ultimately leads to being able to test the hypotheses with specific data, which can confirm whether the original theory is true. A deductive statement is as follows: (1) A pig is a mammal (2) All mammals have respiratory systems Therefore from (1) and (2) you deduce that: (3) Pigs have respiratory systems Deductive arguments, like inductive arguments, have premises and conclusions. The mark of a deductive argument is that if its premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory than deduction. Deductive reasoning is narrower in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses. Even though a study may look like it is purely deductive, most research involves ...

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