... of the author's management of shoulder dystocia in her practice area. This piece of essay will be discussed into different themes that emerged from the client's case study, using relevant evidence. WHAT IS SHOULDER DYSTOCIA? Shoulder dystocia is defined as a delivery that requires additional obstetrics manoeuvres to release the shoulders after gentle downward traction have failed (Resnick 1980). It is said to occur when either the anterior or less commonly the posterior fetal shoulder impacts on the maternal symphysis or sacral promontory (RCOG 2005). Frazer and Cooper (2003) further stated that, shoulder dystocia is a rare complication, whereby the fetal shoulders failed to rotate, descend and deliver with a subsequent perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is regarded as an obstetric emergency. Statistics The overall incidence of shoulder dystocia varies based on fetal weight, occurring in 0.6% to 1.4% of infants with a birth weight of 2500 to 4000 grams and increasing to 5% ...

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