... possession and development of sufficient skills, knowledge, appropriate attitudes and experience for successful performance in life roles. These contrast greatly with the approach to education that is aimed at primarily gaining one performance. The competency-based assessment can give direction to both the experienced and less experienced nurse so that safe, effective skills, utilising professional knowledge. Carper (1978) identified four types of knowledge: aesthetic, empirical, personal (including experience and intuition) and ethical. No single form of knowledge is more superior or inferior to any other or should they be judged against each other. Aesthetic knowledge helps understand the human experience and insights into human condition, the lived experience of an illness whilst empirical includes evidence-based practices. Personal encompasses both that knowledge acquired through practice, experienced by self (experiential) and intuition (the gut feeling. A review of literature by the author has recognized three approaches to competence and its assessment. The behaviourist or performance-based, ...

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