... reported by the nurses managers included frustration and inadequacy. They mentioned numerous role behavior changes. The primary role behavior changes mentioned were "the need to measure and manage outcomes; the need to better understand the financial situation of the organization and the external factors that influence it; the need for high-level team-building skills; and the ability to manage rapid and dramatic change" (Ingersoll, 1999, p. 23). Overall, role confusion appeared to be the major issue for these nurse managers. The findings of this study show that regardless of how prepared the nurse managers were they still struggled to keep up with the demands of changes such as this. The study stressed the importance of providing support for managers facing situations such as these. It concluded that "early involvement in decision making and formal opportunities to develop their skills as managers will maximize the potential for successful role readjustment in this ...

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